Forest phytocenology

Opterećenje: 30(P) + 30(A) + 24(T)

Sadržaj predmeta: Lectures: 1. Definition and task of phytocenology. Division of phytocenology. Historical development. Phytocenological majors and schools. 2. Biocenosis and ecosystem. Natural stands. Quantitative and qualitative indicators. 3. Analytical processing. Data collection. Synthetic elaboration. The meaning of species in synthetic elaboration. 4. Synecology. Classification of factors. Distribution of forest vegetation in relation to climatic factors (light, heat, water, wind) 5. Relationship of forest species and forest communities to soil properties. The relationship between soil types and forest communities. 6. Geomorphological factors - altitude, exposure, slope, relief and their influence on the arrival of forest vegetation. 7. Influence of biotic factors (phytogenic, zoogenic) on the arrival of forest vegetation. The influence of man on the development of forest vegetation then and now. 8. Succession of forest vegetation - definition, types, methods of research and presentation. Syndynamic units. Initial, transitional, permanent and climatic zone communities. 9. Examples of forest vegetation successions. The practical importance of syndynamics in forestry. 10. Synchronology. Plant fossils. Pollen analysis. The development of vegetation in ancient times. Europe in the Ice Age. 11. Development of forest vegetation after the ice age. Development of vegetation in the Pannonian area. Development of late glacial and postglacial vegetation in Central Europe. Development of Mediterranean forests. 12. Definition and types of areas of plant communities. Flora geoelements - types, distribution, spectrum. Flora areas on Earth. 13. Spatial layout and zoning of forest communities. Vertical disaggregation, Horizontal disaggregation. Reversals and disruptions. Plant-geographic breakdown of Europe. 14. Systematics of forest communities. Nomenclature rules. Systematic units. Systematization of forest communities in Croatia. 15. Phytogeographic breakdown of forest vegetation in the Republic of Croatia. Mediterranean vegetation region. Eurosiberian-North American vegetation region. The most important forest communities in the Republic of Croatia. Exercises: 1. Introduction to exercises. Synmorphology. Phytocenological indicators. General data entry. Floral composition. Braun-Blanquet scales. 2. Methodology of field research of forest vegetation; selection and size of phytocenological recordings, phytocenological recording and data entry into forms. 3. Concrete phytocenological recording of forest vegetation in the field. 4. Examples of phytocenological recordings and their synthetic elaboration through phases, the meaning of species in synthetic elaboration. 5. Use of methods of synthesizing phytocenological recordings. Entry of phytocenological recordings into the Turboveg computer database. 6. Application of numerical multivariate analysis of phytocenological recordings. Using the Syntax 2000 software package. Cluster analysis - procedure with examples. 7. Application of multidimensional scaling - procedure with examples. 8. Application of eco-indicator scales according to Ellenberg. Processing of environmental data using the computer program Juice 7.0. 9. Representative hydrophilic, hygrophilic, mesophilic and xerophilic plant species and their eco-indicator values. Forest communities in relation to moisture. Analysis of moisture indicator values ​​in computer programs. 10. Appearance of the most important neutrophilic, acidophilic and basophilic plant species and their eco-indicator values. Forest communities in relation to soil acidity. Analysis of indicator values ​​of soil acidity in computer programs. 11. Examples of determining the biological spectrum and the spectrum of flora geoelements. 12. Changes in the flora composition of the most important types of successions. 13. Methodology of classic mapping of forest vegetation. Field work. Work in the office. Examples. 14. New methods of vegetation research and mapping. Remote sensing of vegetation. Aerial photographs and their application. Satellite images (sensors for vegetation research) and their application in forest vegetation mapping. GIS - technology, practical application, examples. 15. Digitization of vegetation maps - procedure, examples and advantages compared to classic vegetation maps. Exercises are held in the computer classroom using computer programs. Field teaching (three days): 1. Getting to know the most important forest communities in the lowland and hilly vegetation belt, their synecology, syndynamics, synchorology, plant species and systematics. 2. Getting to know the most important forest communities in the hill, mountain and foothill vegetation zone, their synecology, syndynamics, synchorology, plant species and systematics. 3. Getting to know the most important forest communities in the Mediterranean vegetation region, their synecology, syndynamics, synchorology, plant species and systematics