Biotechnology in forestry

Opterećenje: 15+0+0

Cilj predmeta: Students are introduced to the following content: a) plant culture techniques cells and tissues (in vitro), cell cultures in suspension, cultures protoplasts, vegetative propagation in vitro, commercial application of propagation, meristem cultures, embryo and megagametophyte cultures, somatic embryogenesis, preserving the plant gene pool in vitro and with somaclonal variability; assessment of somaclonal variability (phenotypic, biochemical, cytological, molecular); b) using biochemical and molecular-genetic methods research in forest trees, biochemical and DNA markers, structure and genetic variability in forest trees, genetic mapping, genomics and transcriptomics, genetic engineering and application of transgenic plants in forestry and urban forestry, properties subject to genetics engineering (resistance to pests and pathogenic organisms, resistance to extreme environmental factors, reproductive capacity, modification lignin content; biotechnology and biosafety); c) storage of seeds, pollen and plant tissue, in vitro storage, storage through the middle period (3 to 4 years) and over a longer period (cryopreservation), the process of cryopreservation (ultra-low temperatures - 80 oC to -196 oC), thawing and culturing cells, familiarization with plant growth substances (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid, etc.), seed savings banks and seed banks, and legislation related to forest reproductive material.

Sadržaj predmeta: Lectures: 1. Introductory – needs for the application of biotechnology in different aspects forestry Application of biotechnology methods in research and characterization of diversity i preservation of forest genetic resources (natural forests) 2. Molecular markers, part I 3. Molecular markers II. part 4. Genomics, associative genetics, transcriptomics, comparative genomics 5. Spatial analysis of genetic diversity for the purpose of forest conservation genetic resources 6. Application of biotechnology methods in EX SITU conservation of genetic resources Application of biotechnology methods in the propagation of forest reproduction material 7. In vitro cultures and selection 8. Basic steps in micropropagation 9. Different methods of micropropagation 10. Application of micropropagation methods in exemplary species (Prunus avium, Populus sp.) Cryopreservation 11. Cryopreservation methods Application of biotechnology methods in the breeding of forest trees i artificial plantations and plantations 12. Selection supported by molecular markers 13. Mass propagation by biotechnology methods 14. Genetic modification of organisms, biosafety 15. Legal regulations on forest reproductive material